See huddle on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "huddle room"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*hudelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *hudelen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "huden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English huden",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hide",
"3": "le",
"id2": "verbal frequentative"
},
"expansion": "hide + -le",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hide",
"3": "er",
"id2": "frequentative",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "hide + -er",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "huderken",
"t": "to brood; coddle; nurse; lull children to sleep"
},
"expansion": "Low German huderken (“to brood; coddle; nurse; lull children to sleep”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English *hudelen, alteration (due to hudels, hidels (“hiding place”), see hiddle) of *huderen, hoderen (“to cover; press together; huddle”), a frequentative form of Middle English huden, hiden (“to hide”), equivalent to hide + -le and/or hide + -er. Compare Low German huderken (“to brood; coddle; nurse; lull children to sleep”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "huddles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "huddle (plural huddles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2023 May 25, Nic Reuben, “The Lord of the Rings: Gollum review”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "It’s about as riveting as listening to a huddle of ents discuss the finer points of deciduous shedding.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dense and disorderly crowd."
],
"id": "en-huddle-en-noun-t9Jk71cF",
"links": [
[
"dense",
"dense"
],
[
"disorderly",
"disorderly"
],
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tǎlpa",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тълпа"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "shluk"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hlouček"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chumel"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"word": "foule dense et désordonnée"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wirrer Haufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "calca"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "folla"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tolpa",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "толпа"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chusma"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "klunga"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skock"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hop"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 4 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skara"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mass media",
"orig": "en:Mass media",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Media",
"Society",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 24 4 3 23 11 3 5 2 11 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 20 6 2 20 12 6 5 2 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 22 6 2 17 11 8 4 4 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A session in which a group of journalists assemble to question a person of interest."
],
"id": "en-huddle-en-noun-RnPtxuAf",
"links": [
[
"journalism",
"journalism"
],
[
"session",
"session"
],
[
"journalist",
"journalist"
],
[
"assemble",
"assemble"
],
[
"question",
"question"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(journalism) A session in which a group of journalists assemble to question a person of interest."
],
"topics": [
"journalism",
"media"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Football (American)",
"orig": "en:Football (American)",
"parents": [
"Football",
"Ball games",
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A brief meeting of all the players from one team that are on the field with the purpose of planning the following play."
],
"id": "en-huddle-en-noun-sjmgiQ0-",
"links": [
[
"American football",
"American football"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(American football) A brief meeting of all the players from one team that are on the field with the purpose of planning the following play."
],
"topics": [
"American-football",
"ball-games",
"football",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Bridge",
"orig": "en:Bridge",
"parents": [
"Card games",
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A hesitation during play to think about one's next move."
],
"id": "en-huddle-en-noun-mHkeKLe-",
"links": [
[
"hesitation",
"hesitation"
],
[
"play",
"play"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(bridge) A hesitation during play to think about one's next move."
],
"topics": [
"bridge",
"games"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhʌdəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-huddle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/En-us-huddle.ogg/En-us-huddle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/En-us-huddle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdəl"
}
],
"word": "huddle"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*hudelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *hudelen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "huden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English huden",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hide",
"3": "le",
"id2": "verbal frequentative"
},
"expansion": "hide + -le",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hide",
"3": "er",
"id2": "frequentative",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "hide + -er",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "huderken",
"t": "to brood; coddle; nurse; lull children to sleep"
},
"expansion": "Low German huderken (“to brood; coddle; nurse; lull children to sleep”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English *hudelen, alteration (due to hudels, hidels (“hiding place”), see hiddle) of *huderen, hoderen (“to cover; press together; huddle”), a frequentative form of Middle English huden, hiden (“to hide”), equivalent to hide + -le and/or hide + -er. Compare Low German huderken (“to brood; coddle; nurse; lull children to sleep”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "huddles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "huddling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "huddled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "huddled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "huddle (third-person singular simple present huddles, present participle huddling, simple past and past participle huddled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 2 16 7 1 28 14 3 6 1 7 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 14 6 3 23 14 4 5 3 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -le (verbal frequentative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 24 4 3 23 11 3 5 2 11 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 15 6 1 29 15 3 6 2 7 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 15 5 1 32 15 2 5 1 7 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 15 8 2 20 12 6 9 2 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 20 6 2 20 12 6 5 2 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 2 14 6 4 23 13 5 7 3 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 15 6 3 23 13 4 6 2 9 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 16 5 3 25 14 3 6 2 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 15 6 3 22 13 6 5 2 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 16 5 3 25 14 3 6 2 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 16 5 3 26 13 3 6 2 9 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 15 6 3 23 13 6 5 2 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The sheep huddled together seeking warmth.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1912 October, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “Tarzan of the Apes”, in The All-Story, New York, N.Y.: Frank A. Munsey Co., →OCLC; republished as chapter 4, in Tarzan of the Apes, New York, N.Y.: A. L. Burt Company, 1914 June, →OCLC:",
"text": "During all these operations the apes who had entered sat huddled near the door watching their chief, while those outside strained and crowded to catch a glimpse of what transpired within.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To crowd together."
],
"id": "en-huddle-en-verb-~9z2UA8~",
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To crowd together."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "66 9 4 3 4 5 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "crowd together",
"word": "se blottir"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 4 3 4 5 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "crowd together",
"tags": [
"Louisiana"
],
"word": "s’amasser"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 4 3 4 5 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "crowd together",
"word": "összezsúfolódik"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 4 3 4 5 9",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "crowd together",
"word": "accalcarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 4 3 4 5 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tolpítʹsja",
"sense": "crowd together",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "толпи́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 4 3 4 5 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stolpítʹsja",
"sense": "crowd together",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "столпи́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "66 9 4 3 4 5 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "crowd together",
"word": "amontonarse"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 1 24 4 3 23 11 3 5 2 11 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 20 6 2 20 12 6 5 2 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1950 January, David L. Smith, “A Runaway at Beattock”, in Railway Magazine, page 54:",
"text": "Just south of Wamphray station they overtook the runaway. The dim figure of Mitchell could be seen sitting huddled behind the stormboard. They shouted and whistled. He paid no attention.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To curl one's legs up to the chest and keep one's arms close to the torso; to crouch; to assume a position similar to that of an embryo in the womb."
],
"id": "en-huddle-en-verb-WDHoC2Dk",
"links": [
[
"curl",
"curl"
],
[
"leg",
"leg"
],
[
"chest",
"chest"
],
[
"arm",
"arm"
],
[
"torso",
"torso"
],
[
"crouch",
"crouch"
],
[
"position",
"position"
],
[
"embryo",
"embryo"
],
[
"womb",
"womb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To curl one's legs up to the chest and keep one's arms close to the torso; to crouch; to assume a position similar to that of an embryo in the womb."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "16 62 2 3 1 5 12",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "curl one's legs up to the chest",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "choulit se"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 2 3 1 5 12",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "curl one's legs up to the chest",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "schoulit se"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 2 3 1 5 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "curl one's legs up to the chest",
"word": "se blottir"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 2 3 1 5 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "curl one's legs up to the chest",
"tags": [
"Louisiana"
],
"word": "se raccoquiller"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 2 3 1 5 12",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "curl one's legs up to the chest",
"word": "összekuporodik"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 62 2 3 1 5 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "curl one's legs up to the chest",
"word": "acurrucarse"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 November 2, Ken Belson, New York Times, retrieved 2012-11-02:",
"text": "George Hirsch, chairman of the board of Road Runners, said officials huddled all day Friday, hoping to devise an alternate race. They considered replacing the marathon with a race that would comprise the final 10 miles of marathon, starting at the base of the Queensboro 59th Street Bridge on the Manhattan side. But that was not deemed plausible, Mr. Hirsch said.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To get together and discuss a topic."
],
"id": "en-huddle-en-verb-zuKG6JuW"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Football (American)",
"orig": "en:Football (American)",
"parents": [
"Football",
"Ball games",
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To form a huddle."
],
"id": "en-huddle-en-verb-SaJI1jSl",
"links": [
[
"American football",
"American football"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, American football) To form a huddle."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"American-football",
"ball-games",
"football",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1689 December (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], Two Treatises of Government: […], London: […] Awnsham Churchill, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Our adversary, huddling several suppositions together,[…]makes a medley and confusion.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To crowd (things) together; to mingle confusedly; to assemble without order or system."
],
"id": "en-huddle-en-verb-Qbu-Dz8y",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To crowd (things) together; to mingle confusedly; to assemble without order or system."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 1 24 4 3 23 11 3 5 2 11 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1845, John Henry Newman, Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine:",
"text": "Huddle up a peace.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, translated by John Dryden, The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Let him forecast his work with timely care, / Which else is huddled when the skies are fair.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1728, Jonathan Swift, The Journal of a Modern Lady:",
"text": "Now, in all haste, they huddle on / Their hoods, their cloaks, and get them gone.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling:",
"text": "This resolution she accordingly executed; and the next morning before the sun, she huddled on her cloaths, and at a very unfashionable, unseasonable, unvisitable hour, went to Lady Bellaston […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To do, make, or put, in haste or roughly; hence, to do imperfectly; usually with a following preposition or adverb (huddle on, huddle up, huddle together)."
],
"id": "en-huddle-en-verb-pKHlz~1i",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To do, make, or put, in haste or roughly; hence, to do imperfectly; usually with a following preposition or adverb (huddle on, huddle up, huddle together)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Bridge",
"orig": "en:Bridge",
"parents": [
"Card games",
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 24 4 3 23 11 3 5 2 11 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hesitate during play while thinking about one's next move."
],
"id": "en-huddle-en-verb-bgHcaAU1",
"links": [
[
"hesitate",
"hesitate"
],
[
"play",
"play"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(bridge, intransitive) To hesitate during play while thinking about one's next move."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"bridge",
"games"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhʌdəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-huddle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/En-us-huddle.ogg/En-us-huddle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/En-us-huddle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "27 33 12 1 20 5 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strupvam se",
"sense": "crowd or crouch together",
"word": "струпвам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 33 12 1 20 5 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "crowd or crouch together",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "natěsnat se"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 33 12 1 20 5 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "crowd or crouch together",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "namačkat se"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 33 12 1 20 5 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "crowd or crouch together",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "tisknout se"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 33 12 1 20 5 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "crowd or crouch together",
"word": "torohū"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 33 12 1 20 5 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "crowd or crouch together",
"word": "tapapahu"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 33 12 1 20 5 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "crowd or crouch together",
"word": "kōpipiri"
}
],
"word": "huddle"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*hudelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *hudelen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "huden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English huden",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hide",
"3": "le",
"id2": "verbal frequentative"
},
"expansion": "hide + -le",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hide",
"3": "er",
"id2": "frequentative",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "hide + -er",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "huderken",
"t": "to brood; coddle; nurse; lull children to sleep"
},
"expansion": "Low German huderken (“to brood; coddle; nurse; lull children to sleep”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English *hudelen, alteration (due to hudels, hidels (“hiding place”), see hiddle) of *huderen, hoderen (“to cover; press together; huddle”), a frequentative form of Middle English huden, hiden (“to hide”), equivalent to hide + -le and/or hide + -er. Compare Low German huderken (“to brood; coddle; nurse; lull children to sleep”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "huddle (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book VII.] XII. Examples of many that have been very like and resembled one another.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 1st tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 162:",
"text": "There was in Sicilie a certaine fisherman who resembled in all points Sura the pro-consull, not onely in visage and feature of the face, but also in mowing with his mouth when he spake, in drawing his tongue short, and in his huddle and thicke speech.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1713, Richard Steele, The Guardian, number 21:",
"text": "The evangelists are easily distinguished from the rest, by a passionate zeal and love which the painter has thrown in their faces; the huddle group of those who stand most distant, are admirable representations of men abashed with their late unbelief and hardness of heart.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1911, William Faulkner, Sanctuary, Library of America, published 1985, page 51:",
"text": "Gowan snored, each respiration choking to a huddle fall as though he would never breathe again.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Huddled, confused, congested."
],
"id": "en-huddle-en-adj-ssnA6V3-",
"links": [
[
"Huddled",
"huddled"
],
[
"confused",
"confused"
],
[
"congested",
"congested"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhʌdəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-huddle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/En-us-huddle.ogg/En-us-huddle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/En-us-huddle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdəl"
}
],
"word": "huddle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -le (verbal frequentative)",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdəl",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdəl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "huddle room"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*hudelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *hudelen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "huden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English huden",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hide",
"3": "le",
"id2": "verbal frequentative"
},
"expansion": "hide + -le",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hide",
"3": "er",
"id2": "frequentative",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "hide + -er",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "huderken",
"t": "to brood; coddle; nurse; lull children to sleep"
},
"expansion": "Low German huderken (“to brood; coddle; nurse; lull children to sleep”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English *hudelen, alteration (due to hudels, hidels (“hiding place”), see hiddle) of *huderen, hoderen (“to cover; press together; huddle”), a frequentative form of Middle English huden, hiden (“to hide”), equivalent to hide + -le and/or hide + -er. Compare Low German huderken (“to brood; coddle; nurse; lull children to sleep”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "huddles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "huddle (plural huddles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2023 May 25, Nic Reuben, “The Lord of the Rings: Gollum review”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "It’s about as riveting as listening to a huddle of ents discuss the finer points of deciduous shedding.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dense and disorderly crowd."
],
"links": [
[
"dense",
"dense"
],
[
"disorderly",
"disorderly"
],
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Mass media"
],
"glosses": [
"A session in which a group of journalists assemble to question a person of interest."
],
"links": [
[
"journalism",
"journalism"
],
[
"session",
"session"
],
[
"journalist",
"journalist"
],
[
"assemble",
"assemble"
],
[
"question",
"question"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(journalism) A session in which a group of journalists assemble to question a person of interest."
],
"topics": [
"journalism",
"media"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Football (American)"
],
"glosses": [
"A brief meeting of all the players from one team that are on the field with the purpose of planning the following play."
],
"links": [
[
"American football",
"American football"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(American football) A brief meeting of all the players from one team that are on the field with the purpose of planning the following play."
],
"topics": [
"American-football",
"ball-games",
"football",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Bridge"
],
"glosses": [
"A hesitation during play to think about one's next move."
],
"links": [
[
"hesitation",
"hesitation"
],
[
"play",
"play"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(bridge) A hesitation during play to think about one's next move."
],
"topics": [
"bridge",
"games"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhʌdəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-huddle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/En-us-huddle.ogg/En-us-huddle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/En-us-huddle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tǎlpa",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тълпа"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "shluk"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hlouček"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chumel"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"word": "foule dense et désordonnée"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wirrer Haufen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "calca"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "folla"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tolpa",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "толпа"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chusma"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "klunga"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skock"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hop"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "dense and disorderly crowd",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skara"
}
],
"word": "huddle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -le (verbal frequentative)",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdəl",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdəl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*hudelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *hudelen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "huden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English huden",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hide",
"3": "le",
"id2": "verbal frequentative"
},
"expansion": "hide + -le",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hide",
"3": "er",
"id2": "frequentative",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "hide + -er",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "huderken",
"t": "to brood; coddle; nurse; lull children to sleep"
},
"expansion": "Low German huderken (“to brood; coddle; nurse; lull children to sleep”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English *hudelen, alteration (due to hudels, hidels (“hiding place”), see hiddle) of *huderen, hoderen (“to cover; press together; huddle”), a frequentative form of Middle English huden, hiden (“to hide”), equivalent to hide + -le and/or hide + -er. Compare Low German huderken (“to brood; coddle; nurse; lull children to sleep”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "huddles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "huddling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "huddled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "huddled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "huddle (third-person singular simple present huddles, present participle huddling, simple past and past participle huddled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The sheep huddled together seeking warmth.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1912 October, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “Tarzan of the Apes”, in The All-Story, New York, N.Y.: Frank A. Munsey Co., →OCLC; republished as chapter 4, in Tarzan of the Apes, New York, N.Y.: A. L. Burt Company, 1914 June, →OCLC:",
"text": "During all these operations the apes who had entered sat huddled near the door watching their chief, while those outside strained and crowded to catch a glimpse of what transpired within.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To crowd together."
],
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To crowd together."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1950 January, David L. Smith, “A Runaway at Beattock”, in Railway Magazine, page 54:",
"text": "Just south of Wamphray station they overtook the runaway. The dim figure of Mitchell could be seen sitting huddled behind the stormboard. They shouted and whistled. He paid no attention.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To curl one's legs up to the chest and keep one's arms close to the torso; to crouch; to assume a position similar to that of an embryo in the womb."
],
"links": [
[
"curl",
"curl"
],
[
"leg",
"leg"
],
[
"chest",
"chest"
],
[
"arm",
"arm"
],
[
"torso",
"torso"
],
[
"crouch",
"crouch"
],
[
"position",
"position"
],
[
"embryo",
"embryo"
],
[
"womb",
"womb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To curl one's legs up to the chest and keep one's arms close to the torso; to crouch; to assume a position similar to that of an embryo in the womb."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 November 2, Ken Belson, New York Times, retrieved 2012-11-02:",
"text": "George Hirsch, chairman of the board of Road Runners, said officials huddled all day Friday, hoping to devise an alternate race. They considered replacing the marathon with a race that would comprise the final 10 miles of marathon, starting at the base of the Queensboro 59th Street Bridge on the Manhattan side. But that was not deemed plausible, Mr. Hirsch said.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To get together and discuss a topic."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"en:Football (American)"
],
"glosses": [
"To form a huddle."
],
"links": [
[
"American football",
"American football"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, American football) To form a huddle."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"American-football",
"ball-games",
"football",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1689 December (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], Two Treatises of Government: […], London: […] Awnsham Churchill, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Our adversary, huddling several suppositions together,[…]makes a medley and confusion.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To crowd (things) together; to mingle confusedly; to assemble without order or system."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To crowd (things) together; to mingle confusedly; to assemble without order or system."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1845, John Henry Newman, Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine:",
"text": "Huddle up a peace.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, translated by John Dryden, The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Let him forecast his work with timely care, / Which else is huddled when the skies are fair.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1728, Jonathan Swift, The Journal of a Modern Lady:",
"text": "Now, in all haste, they huddle on / Their hoods, their cloaks, and get them gone.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling:",
"text": "This resolution she accordingly executed; and the next morning before the sun, she huddled on her cloaths, and at a very unfashionable, unseasonable, unvisitable hour, went to Lady Bellaston […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To do, make, or put, in haste or roughly; hence, to do imperfectly; usually with a following preposition or adverb (huddle on, huddle up, huddle together)."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To do, make, or put, in haste or roughly; hence, to do imperfectly; usually with a following preposition or adverb (huddle on, huddle up, huddle together)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"en:Bridge"
],
"glosses": [
"To hesitate during play while thinking about one's next move."
],
"links": [
[
"hesitate",
"hesitate"
],
[
"play",
"play"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(bridge, intransitive) To hesitate during play while thinking about one's next move."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"bridge",
"games"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhʌdəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-huddle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/En-us-huddle.ogg/En-us-huddle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/En-us-huddle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "strupvam se",
"sense": "crowd or crouch together",
"word": "струпвам се"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "crowd or crouch together",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "natěsnat se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "crowd or crouch together",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "namačkat se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "crowd or crouch together",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "tisknout se"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "crowd or crouch together",
"word": "torohū"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "crowd or crouch together",
"word": "tapapahu"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "crowd or crouch together",
"word": "kōpipiri"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "crowd together",
"word": "se blottir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "crowd together",
"tags": [
"Louisiana"
],
"word": "s’amasser"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "crowd together",
"word": "összezsúfolódik"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "crowd together",
"word": "accalcarsi"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tolpítʹsja",
"sense": "crowd together",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "толпи́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stolpítʹsja",
"sense": "crowd together",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "столпи́ться"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "crowd together",
"word": "amontonarse"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "curl one's legs up to the chest",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "choulit se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "curl one's legs up to the chest",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "schoulit se"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "curl one's legs up to the chest",
"word": "se blottir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "curl one's legs up to the chest",
"tags": [
"Louisiana"
],
"word": "se raccoquiller"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "curl one's legs up to the chest",
"word": "összekuporodik"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "curl one's legs up to the chest",
"word": "acurrucarse"
}
],
"word": "huddle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -le (verbal frequentative)",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdəl",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdəl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*hudelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *hudelen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "huden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English huden",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hide",
"3": "le",
"id2": "verbal frequentative"
},
"expansion": "hide + -le",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hide",
"3": "er",
"id2": "frequentative",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "hide + -er",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "huderken",
"t": "to brood; coddle; nurse; lull children to sleep"
},
"expansion": "Low German huderken (“to brood; coddle; nurse; lull children to sleep”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English *hudelen, alteration (due to hudels, hidels (“hiding place”), see hiddle) of *huderen, hoderen (“to cover; press together; huddle”), a frequentative form of Middle English huden, hiden (“to hide”), equivalent to hide + -le and/or hide + -er. Compare Low German huderken (“to brood; coddle; nurse; lull children to sleep”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "huddle (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book VII.] XII. Examples of many that have been very like and resembled one another.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 1st tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 162:",
"text": "There was in Sicilie a certaine fisherman who resembled in all points Sura the pro-consull, not onely in visage and feature of the face, but also in mowing with his mouth when he spake, in drawing his tongue short, and in his huddle and thicke speech.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1713, Richard Steele, The Guardian, number 21:",
"text": "The evangelists are easily distinguished from the rest, by a passionate zeal and love which the painter has thrown in their faces; the huddle group of those who stand most distant, are admirable representations of men abashed with their late unbelief and hardness of heart.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1911, William Faulkner, Sanctuary, Library of America, published 1985, page 51:",
"text": "Gowan snored, each respiration choking to a huddle fall as though he would never breathe again.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Huddled, confused, congested."
],
"links": [
[
"Huddled",
"huddled"
],
[
"confused",
"confused"
],
[
"congested",
"congested"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhʌdəl/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-huddle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/En-us-huddle.ogg/En-us-huddle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/En-us-huddle.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdəl"
}
],
"word": "huddle"
}
Download raw JSONL data for huddle meaning in All languages combined (19.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.